{"id":16605,"date":"2026-05-06T13:45:02","date_gmt":"2026-05-06T13:45:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/?p=16605"},"modified":"2026-10-13T16:19:29","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T16:19:29","slug":"pediatric-ent-diseases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/en\/pediatric-ent-diseases\/","title":{"rendered":"Pediatric ENT Diseases: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pediatric Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases and Facial Aesthetic Surgery is a medical specialty that addresses children\u2019s respiratory tract, hearing system and facial structure as a whole during the sensitive period from infancy to adolescence, and provides healing while protecting growth centers. This discipline aims to preserve both functional health and aesthetic development simultaneously while treating anatomical problems in childhood with modern surgical approaches and current diagnostic techniques. Every treatment method applied is carefully planned with the aim of increasing quality of life by respecting the child\u2019s developmental stages and building a healthy future without disrupting the natural form of the facial skeleton.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Yaz\u0131 \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/en\/pediatric-ent-diseases\/#Why_Should_Hearing_Loss_in_Children_Be_Diagnosed_Early\" >Why Should Hearing Loss in Children Be Diagnosed Early?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/en\/pediatric-ent-diseases\/#How_Is_a_Hearing_Test_Performed_in_Babies_and_Children\" >How Is a Hearing Test Performed in Babies and Children?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/en\/pediatric-ent-diseases\/#How_Does_Adenoid_and_Tonsil_Enlargement_Affect_a_Childs_Development\" >How Does Adenoid and Tonsil Enlargement Affect a Child\u2019s Development?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/en\/pediatric-ent-diseases\/#With_Which_Methods_Is_Painless_and_Bloodless_Tonsil_Surgery_Performed\" >With Which Methods Is Painless and Bloodless Tonsil Surgery Performed?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/en\/pediatric-ent-diseases\/#How_Is_Robotic_Surgery_TORS_Used_for_Head_and_Neck_Masses_in_Children\" >How Is Robotic Surgery (TORS) Used for Head and Neck Masses in Children?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/en\/pediatric-ent-diseases\/#What_Is_the_Most_Appropriate_Age_for_Prominent_Ear_Otoplasty_Surgery\" >What Is the Most Appropriate Age for Prominent Ear (Otoplasty) Surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/en\/pediatric-ent-diseases\/#Which_Surgical_and_Non-Surgical_Methods_Are_Available_in_the_Treatment_of_Prominent_Ear\" >Which Surgical and Non-Surgical Methods Are Available in the Treatment of Prominent Ear?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/en\/pediatric-ent-diseases\/#How_Are_Nasal_Obstruction_and_Septum_Deviation_Septoplasty_Treated_in_Children\" >How Are Nasal Obstruction and Septum Deviation (Septoplasty) Treated in Children?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/en\/pediatric-ent-diseases\/#How_Is_a_New_Ear_Made_in_Congenital_Absence_of_the_Ear_Microtia\" >How Is a New Ear Made in Congenital Absence of the Ear (Microtia)?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/en\/pediatric-ent-diseases\/#In_Which_Cases_Are_Neck_Masses_Seen_in_Children_a_Danger_Sign\" >In Which Cases Are Neck Masses Seen in Children a Danger Sign?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/en\/pediatric-ent-diseases\/#How_Is_the_Problem_of_Sleep_Apnea_OSAS_and_Snoring_Solved_in_Children\" >How Is the Problem of Sleep Apnea (OSAS) and Snoring Solved in Children?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_Should_Hearing_Loss_in_Children_Be_Diagnosed_Early\"><\/span>Why Should Hearing Loss in Children Be Diagnosed Early?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The sense of hearing is one of the most fundamental building blocks of the connection established with the outside world and has vital importance for a child\u2019s mental, social and language development. A baby who begins to hear in the womb sends the sounds around them to the brain as data from the moment they are born. The brain needs this auditory data in order to learn speech and make sense of language. If a child has hearing loss and this condition cannot be noticed in the early period, the speech centers of the brain cannot receive the necessary stimuli. This deficiency causes the child to be unable to learn speech, their vocabulary not to develop and therefore to be unable to express themselves.<\/p>\n<p>Hearing losses that are not diagnosed early deeply shake not only language development but also the child\u2019s academic life and social relationships. A school-age child cannot focus on lessons because they cannot clearly hear what the teacher is explaining, experiences learning difficulties and may often mistakenly receive a diagnosis of attention deficit or hyperactivity. A child who cannot join their friends\u2019 games in social environments, misunderstands what is said or constantly has to ask for repetition, gradually withdraws into themselves and loses self-confidence. Preventing all these negative scenarios is possible only and only with early diagnosis. Today, newborn hearing screening programs applied before babies are even discharged from the hospital ensure that the problem is detected not months or years later, but in the first days of life. In this way, necessary hearing aids or surgical interventions such as a bionic ear (cochlear implant) are performed in time, ensuring that the child climbs the same developmental steps as peers with completely normal hearing in a healthy way.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Is_a_Hearing_Test_Performed_in_Babies_and_Children\"><\/span>How Is a Hearing Test Performed in Babies and Children?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Standard hearing tests applied to adults and requiring the patient to press a button when they hear a sound cannot be used in babies and young children because they cannot understand and follow commands. Therefore, objective test methods that directly measure the anatomical and neural health of the hearing system are used without requiring the child to show active participation. These methods record electrically or mechanically how the ear and hearing nerves respond to sound.<\/p>\n<p>The objective test methods frequently used in the evaluation of hearing pathways are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Otoacoustic Emission (OAE)<\/li>\n<li>Clinical BERA (ABR)<\/li>\n<li>Acoustic Immittance Measurement<\/li>\n<li>Aided ABR<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The Otoacoustic Emission (OAE) test is an extremely fast and painless method that is the first choice in newborn babies. A small instrument with a soft tip is placed in the baby\u2019s ear and sound waves are sent to the inner ear. The echo-like responses given by healthy cells in the inner ear to this sound are measured by the device within seconds.<\/p>\n<p>The Clinical BERA (ABR) test is a gold standard method in which the hearing system is examined much more deeply. Electrical activity in the neurological pathways extending from the auditory nerve to the brainstem is measured. For this test to be reliable, the child must remain completely still. For this reason, while the test is performed during natural sleep in babies, the procedure is carried out under a light sleep state (sedation) in older children so that movements do not affect the test result. The Acoustic Immittance Measurement method is used to detect fluid accumulation and pressure problems in the middle ear cavity; Aided ABR is applied in children who already use a hearing aid to check whether the device sends sufficient sound signals to the brain. When all these tests are combined, a complete map of the child\u2019s hearing capacity emerges.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Does_Adenoid_and_Tonsil_Enlargement_Affect_a_Childs_Development\"><\/span>How Does Adenoid and Tonsil Enlargement Affect a Child\u2019s Development?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Adenoids and tonsils are lymphoid tissues located at the back of the throat and forming the first line of defense of the body\u2019s immune system. As a result of children encountering many new bacteria and viruses during nursery and primary school periods, these tissues grow to some extent while fighting infections. However, when this growth exceeds a certain limit and turns into a structural obstruction, it becomes a serious physical obstacle to the child\u2019s healthy breathing.<\/p>\n<p>The most common complaints caused by adenoid and tonsil enlargement are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sleeping with the mouth open<\/li>\n<li>Snoring<\/li>\n<li>Sweating during sleep<\/li>\n<li>Attention deficit<\/li>\n<li>Growth retardation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>An excessively enlarged adenoid completely closes the posterior openings of the nose, making it impossible for the child to breathe through the nose. The sleep of a child who constantly breathes through the mouth becomes fragmented. In these children, who cannot enter deep sleep, the secretion of hormones that provide growth and development is disrupted. This causes them to lag behind their peers physically. A child whose brain does not receive enough oxygen at night expresses this fatigue during the day with excessive activity, irritability and focus problems. Moreover, breathing only through the mouth for years permanently disrupts the development of the child\u2019s facial skeleton. The upper jaw narrows, the palatal vault deepens upward, the teeth overlap and become crooked, and a specific appearance called &#8220;adenoid face&#8221; settles on the face, with a constantly tired, expressionless look and a lower jaw positioned backward. A condition that causes such wide-ranging problems should not be regarded as just a simple throat infection and must definitely be treated for the healthy development of the child.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"With_Which_Methods_Is_Painless_and_Bloodless_Tonsil_Surgery_Performed\"><\/span>With Which Methods Is Painless and Bloodless Tonsil Surgery Performed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In standard tonsil surgeries performed in past years, tissues were cut and removed with scalpel-like instruments and devices emitting high heat were used to stop bleeding. Since this traditional approach could cause heat-related burns in the surrounding tissues in the surgical area, it caused children to suffer serious sore throat in the postoperative period, have difficulty swallowing and refuse to eat. The risk of postoperative bleeding, which is the greatest fear of families, was also more evident in these classic methods. However, today, thanks to developing technology, modern surgical instruments that cause the least damage to tissues and make the healing process much more comfortable and safe are used.<\/p>\n<p>The technologies preferred in modern surgery and minimizing tissue damage are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Thermal Welding<\/li>\n<li>Coblation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Thermal Welding technology is commonly known among the public as &#8220;painless tonsil surgery&#8221;. In this method, while the tonsil tissue is separated from its bed, a special tissue sealing technique using heat and pressure together is applied instead of cutting. The proteins in the tissue combine with low heat and instantly close the vessels at that moment. In this way, the risk of bleeding during and after the procedure drops almost to zero. Since high heat is not given to the surrounding tissues, muscle and nerve damage does not occur. Thus, the child\u2019s postoperative throat pain is much less and they can return to their normal eating pattern in a short time.<\/p>\n<p>The Coblation method is based on a very different physical principle in which radiofrequency energy is used. This system creates a plasma field around the targeted tissue by combining radiofrequency energy with a special saline solution. This plasma field melts and removes the tonsil or adenoid tissue not by burning it, but by breaking down its cellular bonds. Since the procedure takes place only at levels such as 40 to 60 degrees, very close to human body temperature, the surrounding healthy tissues do not suffer thermal damage. As a result, the wound heals much faster, the child\u2019s swallowing difficulty rapidly disappears and the bleeding risk that families worry about statistically falls to the lowest levels.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Is_Robotic_Surgery_TORS_Used_for_Head_and_Neck_Masses_in_Children\"><\/span>How Is Robotic Surgery (TORS) Used for Head and Neck Masses in Children?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Masses, cysts or benign tumors that appear in the head and neck region, especially deep inside the mouth or at the base of the tongue, have anatomically extremely difficult-to-reach locations. In order to reach these deep areas with classic surgical methods and completely clean the mass, it was often necessary to perform large incisions from outside the neck and rather heavy, scar-forming surgical procedures such as separating the lip and jaw. This situation caused both large externally visible surgical scars in the child and tissue damage that could create swallowing and speech difficulties in the future.<\/p>\n<p>Thanks to Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS), one of the greatest innovations that technology has offered to the medical world, these difficulties have been completely overcome. In the TORS system, no external incision is made. The system has high-resolution, three-dimensional cameras that magnify tissues, placed through the child\u2019s mouth. The surgeon sits at a console away from the patient\u2019s head and manages the procedure with special sensors attached to their fingers. The surgeon\u2019s hand movements are transferred to the robotic arms inside the mouth one-to-one, but as extremely precise and millimetric movements completely free from the possible tremors of the human hand. The arms of the robot have excellent mobility in narrow angles and restricted areas where the human wrist cannot rotate. In this way, masses at the base of the tongue that block the windpipe or cysts extending into deep neck spaces are removed very cleanly without causing any harm to surrounding healthy tissues, nerves and vessels. The absence of an external scar and the minimization of tissue trauma preserve the child\u2019s aesthetic appearance while shortening the hospital stay and extraordinarily accelerating the return to normal life.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_the_Most_Appropriate_Age_for_Prominent_Ear_Otoplasty_Surgery\"><\/span>What Is the Most Appropriate Age for Prominent Ear (Otoplasty) Surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Prominent ear, the condition called prominent ear deformity in medical language, is when the angle the ear makes with the skull is much wider than normal, that is, the ear appears excessively folded forward. This condition usually occurs because the natural folds in the upper part of the ear do not form in the womb or because the cartilage forming the auricle is structurally very large and pushes the ear outward. Prominent ear is not a disease that negatively affects the child\u2019s health, hearing or physical development; it is entirely a matter related to appearance and aesthetics. However, the destructive effect that this condition creates on the child\u2019s psychology can be much deeper and more permanent than many physical diseases.<\/p>\n<p>Children, especially during nursery and primary school periods, can be extremely attentive and at times quite cruel toward one another\u2019s physical features. A child with prominent ears frequently encounters situations such as being mocked, excluded or bullied by peers. A lack of self-confidence begins in the child exposed to these criticisms. They try to hide their ears by constantly leaving their hair down, avoid entering social environments, become shy and even visible declines in school success may occur. Precisely to prevent this psychological destruction and protect the child\u2019s mental health, the timing of prominent ear surgery is very critical.<\/p>\n<p>From a medical and psychological point of view, the most ideal time for otoplasty (prominent ear aesthetics) surgery is the period before the child starts primary school, that is, between the ages of 5 and 6. The human ear completes approximately 85% to 90% of the enormous part of its physical development and growth by the age of 5-6. A surgical shaping to be performed on the ear cartilage at this age does not harm the future growth potential of the ear in any way. The child\u2019s starting school life on equal terms with peers, without feeling the need to hide their ears and with full self-confidence, positively shapes their entire future, social relationships and character development.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_Surgical_and_Non-Surgical_Methods_Are_Available_in_the_Treatment_of_Prominent_Ear\"><\/span>Which Surgical and Non-Surgical Methods Are Available in the Treatment of Prominent Ear?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Correction of the prominent ear condition is a process that differs according to the patient\u2019s age, the hardness of the cartilage structure and the type of deformity, and must be planned completely individually. While simple non-surgical methods can be applied in early infancy, surgical techniques come into play at later ages.<\/p>\n<p>The main approaches applied in prominent ear treatment according to the patient\u2019s age and cartilage structure are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ear Molding<\/li>\n<li>Mustarde Technique<\/li>\n<li>Furnas Technique<\/li>\n<li>Cartilage Scoring<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ear Molding is a non-surgical method applied immediately after birth. When the baby is born, with the effect of the estrogen hormone coming from the womb, ear cartilages are extremely soft and easily moldable. This dough-like structure continues during the first few weeks after birth. If the prominent ear condition is noticed in this early period, specially designed silicone molds are attached to the baby\u2019s ear and the ear is brought to the correct anatomical shape. The cartilage hardens in this correct form within a few weeks and is permanently corrected, thus the need for surgery in the future is completely eliminated.<\/p>\n<p>In the preschool and post-school period when the cartilages harden, the only solution is otoplasty surgeries. If the problem is caused by the absence of the fold on the upper side of the ear, the Mustarde Technique is used. In this method, the cartilage is bent backward with permanent sutures placed behind the ear, creating the missing natural fold. If the problem is that the auricle is too large, with the Furnas Technique this large cartilage tissue is sutured toward the membrane of the skull bone and the ear is brought closer backward. In some children where the cartilage is very resistant and thick, sutures alone may not be sufficient; in this case, tiny scratches are made on the front surface of the cartilage to break its resistance and allow the ear to take a softer curve (Cartilage Scoring). Whichever technique is used, since the incisions are completely hidden inside the natural fold behind the ear, no externally visible scar remains after surgery.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Are_Nasal_Obstruction_and_Septum_Deviation_Septoplasty_Treated_in_Children\"><\/span>How Are Nasal Obstruction and Septum Deviation (Septoplasty) Treated in Children?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The nose is a perfect air-conditioning system that warms and humidifies the dry and cold air we take from outside, filters the dust and particles inside it and sends it to the lungs in the most ideal consistency. A blocked nose in a child means, beyond a simple discomfort, that this vital air-conditioning system is disabled. In this case, air goes directly to the lungs through the mouth, which lays the groundwork for frequently recurring throat infections, tonsil enlargement and deterioration of lung health. Apart from adenoid enlargement, the main anatomical cause of nasal obstruction in children is the deviation of the wall called the &#8220;septum&#8221;, consisting of cartilage and bone, which divides the nasal cavity into right and left (septum deviation). These deviations may be caused by pressures during birth, asymmetric growth of the face or traumas such as falls and impacts during childhood.<\/p>\n<p>A strict medical approach applied in past years was that absolutely no intervention should be made to children\u2019s noses until bone development was completed. Inside the nose, there are special cartilage growth centers that determine the length and volume of the middle part of the face. Careless surgery performed on these regions at an early age can destroy the growth centers and lead to collapses on the nasal bridge and serious irreversible asymmetries of the face. Therefore, septum surgeries were generally left until after the age of 18.<\/p>\n<p>However, in today\u2019s medicine, this approach has gained flexibility according to the patient\u2019s condition. If the nasal bone deviation in the child is very severe, causes the child to sleep with the mouth open, snore, have pauses in breathing during sleep (sleep apnea) and has reached a level that will stop growth and development, waiting until the age of 18 causes great harm to the child. In such special cases, &#8220;protective septoplasty&#8221; interventions can be performed in children from the age of 5 or 6. The basic principle in this surgery is maximum respect for tissue. Growth centers are absolutely not touched, cartilage membranes are preserved extremely carefully and only millimetric corrections are made to the parts that completely close the air passage, ensuring that the child breathes healthily while also securing facial development.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Is_a_New_Ear_Made_in_Congenital_Absence_of_the_Ear_Microtia\"><\/span>How Is a New Ear Made in Congenital Absence of the Ear (Microtia)?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Although microtia means &#8220;small ear&#8221; in medical language, in practice it refers to the condition in which the outer auricle either cannot complete its development and remains as a small piece of tissue or is congenitally absent. This condition, which occurs as a result of cells not receiving the correct signals during development in the womb, is a complex congenital anomaly. In children born with microtia, the issue is not only an aesthetic lack of external appearance. In a very large part of these cases, the external ear canal is blocked or has not formed at all, the ossicle system in the middle ear that provides sound transmission has not developed and therefore there is also a significant hearing loss in that ear. The treatment process of these children requires a very long, delicate and multi-stage planning aimed at restoring both visual and auditory functions.<\/p>\n<p>The rehabilitation and aesthetic repair options that can be offered to the patient in microtia are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Autologous Cartilage Reconstruction<\/li>\n<li>Silicone Prosthetic Ear<\/li>\n<li>Bone-Conduction Hearing Devices<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Building a new ear from the patient\u2019s own tissue (Autologous Cartilage Reconstruction) is one of the operations in facial aesthetic surgery that requires the most patience and mastery. For this operation, it is generally waited until the child reaches between 6 and 10 years of age. The reason for this is that the child\u2019s own rib cartilages will be used to create a new ear framework. However, before the age of 6, the ribs do not reach the volume to form an ear and the hardness to keep it shaped for life. In the first stage of the operation, suitable rib cartilages taken from the rib cage are carved and shaped almost like a sculptor to create a three-dimensional framework that is an exact copy of the other healthy ear, and it is placed under the skin in the ear region. The skin wraps around this new framework. In the second stage performed months later, this new ear is lifted from the skull, supporting cartilages are placed behind it and its natural angle is achieved. If surgery is not desired or the patient\u2019s tissues are not suitable, silicone prosthetic ears, which perfectly match the skin tone and are produced from medical materials, also offer an aesthetic alternative. For the lack of hearing function, special hearing devices (BAHA) that transmit sound directly to the inner ear through the skull bone are fitted, increasing the child\u2019s hearing capacity.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_Which_Cases_Are_Neck_Masses_Seen_in_Children_a_Danger_Sign\"><\/span>In Which Cases Are Neck Masses Seen in Children a Danger Sign?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>When a parent notices a swelling the size of a hazelnut or walnut on their child\u2019s neck while bathing or dressing them, it usually causes great panic and the fear of &#8220;could it be cancer?&#8221;. While masses appearing in the neck of an adult individual are evaluated with suspicion of a malignant tumor until proven otherwise, fortunately in childhood the situation is exactly the opposite. The overwhelming majority of masses detected in children\u2019s necks, such as 80% to 90%, are completely benign structures. During the diagnosis stage, clinical clues such as where the mass is located in the neck, how long it has been there, whether it causes pain and whether the child has recently had an illness are of great importance.<\/p>\n<p>Some signs indicating that a neck mass should be examined in more detail and urgently are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Being larger than two centimeters<\/li>\n<li>Continuing to grow rapidly<\/li>\n<li>Not responding to antibiotic treatment<\/li>\n<li>Being as hard as stone<\/li>\n<li>Being attached to surrounding tissues<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>By far the most common neck swellings in children are lymph nodes that enlarge due to inflammatory reactions. When the child has an infection such as a cold, tonsillitis or a simple tooth decay, the lymph nodes, which are the sentry posts of the immune system in that region, become active and grow. These lymph nodes are soft to the touch, mobile and generally create a slight feeling of pain in the child. When the main infection is treated, these nodes also shrink and disappear on their own within weeks.<\/p>\n<p>Another group of masses is congenital remnants that should close during development in the womb but remain as cystic structures by not closing completely. For example, swellings located exactly in the midline of the neck and moving up and down as the child swallows are generally Thyroglossal Duct Cysts. Structures appearing on the sides of the neck and occasionally swelling by becoming inflamed may be Branchial Cleft Cysts. The treatment of these congenital cysts is their complete surgical removal. Although very rare, when masses carrying the danger signs mentioned above are in question, a detailed investigation should be carried out without losing any time using ultrasonography and, if necessary, advanced imaging methods such as MRI, and correct treatment planning should be started in time.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Is_the_Problem_of_Sleep_Apnea_OSAS_and_Snoring_Solved_in_Children\"><\/span>How Is the Problem of Sleep Apnea (OSAS) and Snoring Solved in Children?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Although snoring is generally perceived in society as a sign of fatigue or proof of deep sleep, this condition should never be considered innocent when children are concerned. If a child snores during sleep, breathes noisily through the mouth and from time to time their breathing stops completely (apnea), then shortly afterward they suddenly startle with a deep breath, this picture indicates &#8220;Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome&#8221;. Sleep apnea means that the airway completely closes with the effect of muscles relaxing during sleep and the amount of oxygen going to the brain drops to dangerous levels. These oxygen deprivation attacks not only prevent the child from resting; they tire the heart, slow mental development and can bring physical growth to a halt.<\/p>\n<p>The most common cause underlying childhood sleep apnea is excessively enlarged adenoids and tonsils, as we detailed earlier. In the vast majority of cases, this problem is completely eliminated with the correct surgical intervention. However, in some special cases involving obesity, muscle diseases or abnormalities in the facial skeletal structure, removing only the tonsils may be insufficient.<\/p>\n<p>Additional methods applied in cases where tonsil and adenoid surgery is not sufficient or different structural problems are present are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Palatal Radiofrequency Applications<\/li>\n<li>Pillar Implant<\/li>\n<li>Structural Jaw Surgeries<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If the problem is caused by the soft palate being very loose and vibrating while breathing, radiofrequency energy can be applied to the palatal tissue to tighten and firm this area. With the Pillar implant method, tiny support rods are placed inside the soft palate muscles to prevent collapse. In complex cases where the jaw is anatomically positioned backward or is very small, more comprehensive interventions in which the jaw bones are surgically moved forward may be required.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pediatric Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases and Facial Aesthetic Surgery is a medical specialty that addresses children\u2019s respiratory tract, hearing system and facial structure as a whole during the sensitive period from infancy to adolescence, and provides healing while protecting growth centers. This discipline aims to preserve both functional health and aesthetic development simultaneously while [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16604,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16605","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16605","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16605"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16605\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17616,"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16605\/revisions\/17616"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16605"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16605"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16605"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}