{"id":8771,"date":"2024-05-31T15:09:58","date_gmt":"2024-05-31T15:09:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/?p=8771"},"modified":"2024-10-02T13:24:25","modified_gmt":"2024-10-02T13:24:25","slug":"ce-sunt-tumorile-glandei-submandibulare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/ce-sunt-tumorile-glandei-submandibulare\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce sunt tumorile glandei submandibulare?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tumorile glandei submandibulare se formeaz\u0103 \u00een glandele salivare situate \u00een partea inferioar\u0103 a g\u00e2tului. Aceste tumori sunt de obicei clasificate ca fiind benigne sau maligne. Cel mai frecvent tip benign este adenomul pleomorf, \u00eens\u0103 poate ap\u0103rea \u0219i tumora Warthin. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, cazurile maligne se manifest\u0103 de obicei sub forma carcinomului adenoid chistic. Aceste tumori se prezint\u0103 printr-o umfl\u0103tur\u0103 vizibil\u0103 sub maxilar \u0219i pot provoca durere sau dificult\u0103\u021bi la \u00eenghi\u021bire. Odat\u0103 ce diagnosticul este stabilit, se pot aplica diverse metode de tratament.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Yaz\u0131 \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/ce-sunt-tumorile-glandei-submandibulare\/#Tumorile_glandei_submandibulare_Adenomul_Pleomorf_Tumora_Warthin_si_Carcinomul_Adenoid_Chistic\" >Tumorile glandei submandibulare: Adenomul Pleomorf, Tumora Warthin \u0219i Carcinomul Adenoid Chistic<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/ce-sunt-tumorile-glandei-submandibulare\/#Cauzele_Tumorilor_Glandei_Submandibulare\" >Cauzele Tumorilor Glandei Submandibulare<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/ce-sunt-tumorile-glandei-submandibulare\/#Rata_de_Incidenta_si_Distributia_Demografica\" >Rata de Inciden\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Distribu\u021bia Demografic\u0103<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/ce-sunt-tumorile-glandei-submandibulare\/#Tipuri_si_Caracteristici_ale_Tumorilor_Glandei_Submandibulare\" >Tipuri \u0219i Caracteristici ale Tumorilor Glandei Submandibulare<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/ce-sunt-tumorile-glandei-submandibulare\/#Analiza_Microscopica_a_Tumorilor_Glandei_Submandibulare\" >Analiza Microscopic\u0103 a Tumorilor Glandei Submandibulare<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/ce-sunt-tumorile-glandei-submandibulare\/#Simptome_si_Rezultate_Clinice\" >Simptome \u0219i Rezultate Clinice<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/ce-sunt-tumorile-glandei-submandibulare\/#Metode_de_Diagnostic_pentru_Tumorile_Glandei_Submandibulare\" >Metode de Diagnostic pentru Tumorile Glandei Submandibulare<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/ce-sunt-tumorile-glandei-submandibulare\/#Abordari_de_Tratament_si_Gestionare_a_Tumorilor_Glandei_Submandibulare\" >Abord\u0103ri de Tratament \u0219i Gestionare a Tumorilor Glandei Submandibulare<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/ce-sunt-tumorile-glandei-submandibulare\/#Alte_Afectiuni_de_Luat_in_Considerare\" >Alte Afec\u021biuni de Luat \u00een Considerare<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tumorile_glandei_submandibulare_Adenomul_Pleomorf_Tumora_Warthin_si_Carcinomul_Adenoid_Chistic\"><\/span>Tumorile glandei submandibulare: Adenomul Pleomorf, Tumora Warthin \u0219i Carcinomul Adenoid Chistic<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Adenomul pleomorf este cea mai frecvent \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 tumor\u0103 a glandelor salivare. Este format din celule epiteliale \u0219i mioepiteliale, fiind astfel inclus \u00een grupul tumorilor mixte benigne. Aproximativ dou\u0103 treimi din toate tumorile glandelor salivare sunt de acest tip.<\/p>\n<p>Tumora Warthin este o <a href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/iyi-huylu-tumor-nedir-iyi-huylu-tumor-belirtileri-nelerdir\/\">tumor\u0103 benign\u0103<\/a>, frecvent \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 \u00een glanda parotid\u0103. Descris\u0103 pentru prima dat\u0103 \u00een 1895, aceast\u0103 tumor\u0103 reprezint\u0103 \u00eentre 2 \u0219i 15% din tumorile epiteliale primare ale parotidei. Este rar \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 \u00een afara parotidei \u0219i este caracterizat\u0103 prin epiteliu oncitic cu dou\u0103 straturi \u0219i structuri chistice \u00eentr-un stroma limfoid dens.<\/p>\n<p>Carcinomul adenoid chistic este o malignitate rar\u0103 a glandelor salivare. De\u0219i reprezint\u0103 doar 1% din toate tumorile maligne ale capului \u0219i g\u00e2tului, este cel mai frecvent tip de cancer al glandelor salivare mici \u0219i al doilea cel mai frecvent pentru glandele salivare mari. Aceast\u0103 tumor\u0103 cre\u0219te de obicei lent \u0219i are tendin\u021ba de a se r\u0103sp\u00e2ndi \u00een organele \u00eendep\u0103rtate. Frecven\u021ba sc\u0103zut\u0103 a bolii face ca informa\u021biile despre managementul tratamentului \u00een stadiile avansate s\u0103 fie limitate.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cauzele_Tumorilor_Glandei_Submandibulare\"><\/span>Cauzele Tumorilor Glandei Submandibulare<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Exist\u0103 mul\u021bi factori care contribuie la <a href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/tumor-neden-olur-tumorlerin-olusum-sureci-ve-farkli-turleri\/\">formarea tumorilor glandei submandibulare<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK430829\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Expunerea la radia\u021bii<\/a> poate fi un factor important \u00een proliferarea adenoamelor pleomorfe. \u0218edin\u021bele anterioare de radioterapie \u00een zona capului \u0219i g\u00e2tului pot juca un rol determinant \u00een dezvoltarea acestor tumori. De asemenea, virusul simian oncogen 40 (SV40) poate contribui la formarea adenomului pleomorf. Acest tip de tumor\u0103 este foarte sensibil la factori de mediu.<\/p>\n<p>Factorii care contribuie la formarea tumorii Warthin sunt mai varia\u021bi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Infec\u021bia cu virusul Epstein-Barr<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Fumatul<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Boli autoimune<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Radia\u021biile ionizante<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Inflama\u021bia cronic\u0103<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Aceast\u0103 tumor\u0103 este mai frecvent\u0103 la b\u0103rba\u021bi, iar fumatul afecteaz\u0103 mai mult glanda parotid\u0103, caracteriz\u00e2nd specificitatea acestei tumori. Tumorile Warthin rareori devin maligne.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te carcinomul adenoid chistic (ACC), datele etiologice sunt mai limitate. De\u0219i fumatul \u0219i consumul de alcool nu sunt factori semnificativi \u00een dezvoltarea ACC, predispozi\u021biile genetice joac\u0103 un rol important. Analiza acestei malignit\u0103\u021bi implic\u0103 studii de secven\u021biere cromozomal\u0103 pentru a identifica muta\u021biile genetice. Aceste studii arat\u0103 c\u0103 ACC poate ap\u0103rea independent de v\u00e2rst\u0103. Predispozi\u021bia genetic\u0103 este un factor esen\u021bial \u00een dezvoltarea acestui tip de carcinom.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rata_de_Incidenta_si_Distributia_Demografica\"><\/span>Rata de Inciden\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Distribu\u021bia Demografic\u0103<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Dintre tumorile glandei submandibulare, adenomul pleomorf este cel mai frecvent tip benign. Reprezint\u0103 \u00eentre 45 \u0219i 75% din toate tumorile glandelor salivare. Inciden\u021ba anual\u0103 este de aproximativ dou\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la trei cazuri \u0219i jum\u0103tate la 100.000 de persoane. Femeile sunt afectate de aceste tumori de dou\u0103 ori mai des dec\u00e2t b\u0103rba\u021bii, raportul fiind de aproximativ 2:1. Aceste tumori apar \u00een general \u00eentre a treia \u0219i a \u0219asea decad\u0103 de via\u021b\u0103. Distribu\u021bia adenoamelor pleomorfe \u00een cadrul glandelor salivare este dup\u0103 cum urmeaz\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Glanda parotid\u0103: 84%<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Glanda submandibular\u0103: 8%<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Glandele salivare mici: 6,5%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557640\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tumora Warthin<\/a> reprezint\u0103 \u00eentre 2 \u0219i 15% din tumorile parotidei \u0219i este a doua cea mai frecvent\u0103 neoplazie benign\u0103 dup\u0103 adenomul pleomorf. De\u0219i aceast\u0103 tumor\u0103 este mai frecvent\u0103 la b\u0103rba\u021bi, diferen\u021ba de gen s-a redus \u00een timp.<\/p>\n<p>Carcinomul adenoid chistic este o malignitate rar\u0103, cu o inciden\u021b\u0103 de aproximativ 4,5 cazuri la 100.000 de persoane. Femeile sunt afectate mai des dec\u00e2t b\u0103rba\u021bii, raportul fiind de aproximativ 60% femei \u0219i 40% b\u0103rba\u021bi. <a href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/kanser-nedir-kanser-belirtileri-nedenleri-ve-tedavisi\/\">Acest tip de cancer<\/a> este de obicei diagnosticat la persoanele \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103, iar frecven\u021ba cea mai mare este \u00eenregistrat\u0103 \u00een a cincea \u0219i a \u0219asea decad\u0103 de via\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tipuri_si_Caracteristici_ale_Tumorilor_Glandei_Submandibulare\"><\/span>Tipuri \u0219i Caracteristici ale Tumorilor Glandei Submandibulare<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Tumorile glandei submandibulare pot fi de diverse tipuri \u0219i pot prezenta caracteristici diferite. Adenomul pleomorf este cel mai frecvent tip benign \u00eent\u00e2lnit \u00een glandele salivare. Acest tip de tumor\u0103 prezint\u0103 o structur\u0103 microscopic\u0103 complex\u0103 \u0219i variat\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Este format din celule poligonale, \u00een form\u0103 de ac \u0219i stelate.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Celulele formeaz\u0103 structuri asem\u0103n\u0103toare canalelor, straturi \u0219i grupuri.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te tumora Warthin, aceasta este cunoscut\u0103 pentru prevalen\u021ba sa la fum\u0103tori. Exist\u0103 diverse teorii privind structura histologic\u0103 \u0219i procesul s\u0103u de dezvoltare:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Apare ca urmare a prolifer\u0103rii neoplazice a glandei salivare.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Imunohistochimia relev\u0103 asem\u0103n\u0103ri \u00eentre aceast\u0103 tumor\u0103 \u0219i celulele canalelor excretoare ale glandelor salivare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00cen final, carcinomul adenoid chistic (ACC) este o tumor\u0103 malign\u0103 \u0219i prezint\u0103 caracteristici deosebite din punct de vedere al patogenezei moleculare. Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva informa\u021bii cunoscute despre aceast\u0103 tumor\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557855\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Modific\u0103rile cromozomiale<\/a> sunt frecvente, inclusiv dele\u021bia cromozomului 1p35-36.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Fuzionarea genei MYB contribuie la expresia exagerat\u0103 \u0219i formarea tumorii.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Aceste tipuri de tumori reprezint\u0103 o gam\u0103 larg\u0103 de modific\u0103ri patologice la nivelul glandei submandibulare, fiecare av\u00e2nd caracteristici microscopice \u0219i moleculare distincte. Metodele de tratament variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de tipul \u0219i caracteristicile tumorii. \u00cen\u021belegerea \u0219i identificarea corect\u0103 a acestor tumori este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru dezvoltarea unor metode eficiente de tratament.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Analiza_Microscopica_a_Tumorilor_Glandei_Submandibulare\"><\/span>Analiza Microscopic\u0103 a Tumorilor Glandei Submandibulare<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Tumorile glandei submandibulare prezint\u0103 diverse caracteristici structurale sub microscop. Adenomul pleomorf este caracterizat prin proliferarea intens\u0103 a celulelor epiteliale \u0219i mioepiteliale. Aceast\u0103 tumor\u0103 este adesea \u00eenconjurat\u0103 de capsule neregulate, cu o cre\u0219tere marcat\u0103 a componentelor stromale. Tumora Warthin este bine delimitat\u0103 \u0219i con\u021bine <a href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/kist-nedir-belirtileri-nelerdir-cesitleri-nelerdir\/\">structuri chistice<\/a>. Testele imunohistochimice sunt esen\u021biale pentru diagnosticarea acestor tumori. Mai jos sunt listate caracteristicile fiec\u0103rui tip de tumor\u0103:<\/p>\n<p>Adenomul Pleomorf:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Proliferarea celulelor epiteliale \u0219i mioepiteliale<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Cre\u0219tere stromal\u0103 marcat\u0103<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Capsul\u0103 neregulat\u0103<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tumora Warthin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Structuri chistice bine delimitate<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Chisturi care con\u021bin un lichid mucoid cremos<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Celule epiteliale oncocitare atipice \u0219i limfocite polimorfe<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Carcinomul Adenoid Chistic (ACC):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Cunoscut \u0219i sub numele de cilindrom, cu aranjamente celulare cilindrice<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Con\u021bine structuri tubulare, cribriforme \u0219i solide<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Poate prezenta activitate mitotic\u0103 ridicat\u0103 \u0219i necroz\u0103 central\u0103<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Fiecare tip de tumor\u0103 poate fi distins prin caracteristicile sale histologice. Imunohistochimia sus\u021bine acest diagnostic, \u00een special ACC prezent\u00e2nd pozitivitate la colorarea pentru anumite proteine. Tumorile cu o component\u0103 solid\u0103 dominant\u0103 au de obicei un comportament mai agresiv. Evaluarea histopatologic\u0103 este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru diagnosticarea corect\u0103 \u0219i stabilirea unui tratament adecvat. Analiza microscopic\u0103 a tumorilor este un pas crucial \u00een \u00een\u021belegerea evolu\u021biei bolii \u0219i \u00een planificarea tratamentului.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Simptome_si_Rezultate_Clinice\"><\/span>Simptome \u0219i Rezultate Clinice<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Simptomele tumorilor glandei submandibulare variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de tipul, dimensiunea \u0219i localizarea tumorii. Adenomul pleomorf se manifest\u0103 de obicei printr-o mas\u0103 nedureroas\u0103 \u0219i mobil\u0103. Aceste tumori cresc lent \u0219i devin mai evidente pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce dimensiunea lor cre\u0219te. Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce tumoarea cre\u0219te sau devine malign\u0103, pot ap\u0103rea \u0219i simptome precum sl\u0103biciunea nervului facial. Adenoamele pleomorfe situate \u00een lobul profund al glandei parotide pot fi palpate ca mase \u00een cavitatea bucal\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Simptomele adenomului pleomorf:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Masa care cre\u0219te lent<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Structur\u0103 nedureroas\u0103 \u0219i mobil\u0103<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Sl\u0103biciunea nervului facial (dac\u0103 este mare sau a devenit malign)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tumora Warthin este de obicei asimptomatic\u0103 \u0219i poate fi palpat\u0103 ca o mas\u0103 fluctuant\u0103 sau solid\u0103. \u00cen cazuri rare, pot ap\u0103rea simptome precum tinitus, dureri de urechi sau pierderea auzului. Dimensiunea tumorii poate varia de la c\u00e2\u021biva milimetri la c\u00e2\u021biva centimetri.<\/p>\n<p>Simptomele tumorii Warthin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Masa nedureroas\u0103 care cre\u0219te lent<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Tinitus sau dureri de urechi (rareori)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Carcinomul adenoid chistic (ACC) se manifest\u0103 printr-o umfl\u0103tur\u0103 dur\u0103 \u0219i \u00een cre\u0219tere lent\u0103 \u00een zona capului \u0219i g\u00e2tului. Acest tip de tumor\u0103 poate cauza durere sau parestezie, afect\u00e2nd nervii. \u00cen stadiile avansate, ACC poate provoca dificult\u0103\u021bi de respira\u021bie, disfagie \u0219i r\u0103gu\u0219eal\u0103. Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce boala metastazeaz\u0103, pl\u0103m\u00e2nii, oasele \u0219i ficatul sunt cele mai afectate.<\/p>\n<p>Simptomele carcinomului adenoid chistic:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Masa dur\u0103 care cre\u0219te lent<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Simptome cauzate de afectarea nervilor (durere, parestezie)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Simptome avansate (dificult\u0103\u021bi de respira\u021bie, disfagie, r\u0103gu\u0219eal\u0103)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Metode_de_Diagnostic_pentru_Tumorile_Glandei_Submandibulare\"><\/span>Metode de Diagnostic pentru Tumorile Glandei Submandibulare<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Diagnosticul tumorilor glandei submandibulare se realizeaz\u0103 prin utilizarea mai multor tehnici moderne. Primul pas implic\u0103 de obicei biopsia prin aspira\u021bie cu ac fin, care permite ob\u021binerea unui e\u0219antion de \u021besut. Aceast\u0103 metod\u0103 minim invaziv\u0103 este foarte eficient\u0103 pentru a determina dac\u0103 tumoarea este benign\u0103 sau malign\u0103. Biopsia cu ac fin ofer\u0103 informa\u021bii valoroase despre celulele tumorii \u0219i ajut\u0103 la stabilirea unui diagnostic corect.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Aspira\u021bie cu ac fin (FNA): Evalueaz\u0103 natura tumorii cu o sensibilitate de aproximativ 90%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tehnicile avansate de imagistic\u0103 ofer\u0103 mai multe informa\u021bii despre dimensiunea \u0219i extinderea tumorii. Aceste metode includ tomografia computerizat\u0103 (CT) \u0219i imagistica prin rezonan\u021b\u0103 magnetic\u0103 (IRM).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Examinarea CT: Tumora apare de obicei cu margini netede \u0219i aspect lobulat.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">IRM: \u00cen imaginile ponderate T1, tumora prezint\u0103 densitate sc\u0103zut\u0103, iar \u00een imaginile ponderate T2, densitatea este ridicat\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ultrasonografia este o alt\u0103 metod\u0103 preferat\u0103 pentru evaluarea tumorilor mici \u0219i superficiale. Aceast\u0103 tehnic\u0103 vizualizeaz\u0103 structurile tumorii \u0219i rela\u021bia sa cu \u021besuturile \u00eenconjur\u0103toare.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Ultrasonografia: Tumorile prezint\u0103 de obicei un aspect lobulat \u0219i hipoecogen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Toate aceste metode de imagistic\u0103 \u0219i procedurile de biopsie sunt esen\u021biale pentru caracterizarea tumorii \u0219i pentru elaborarea unei strategii de tratament adecvate. Aceste tehnici ofer\u0103 medicilor informa\u021bii detaliate despre caracteristicile tumorii \u0219i permit planificarea celui mai bun tratament.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Abordari_de_Tratament_si_Gestionare_a_Tumorilor_Glandei_Submandibulare\"><\/span>Abord\u0103ri de Tratament \u0219i Gestionare a Tumorilor Glandei Submandibulare<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Gestionarea tumorilor glandei submandibulare depinde de tipul \u0219i stadiul tumorii. Cele mai comune metode de tratament includ chirurgia \u0219i radioterapia.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen cazul adenoamelor pleomorfe, excizia chirurgical\u0103 este esen\u021bial\u0103. Se acord\u0103 o aten\u021bie deosebit\u0103 conserv\u0103rii nervilor faciali. Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere rata ridicat\u0103 de recuren\u021b\u0103 a adenoamelor pleomorfe, de obicei se efectueaz\u0103 parotidectomia par\u021bial\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Tumora Warthin este situat\u0103 superficial \u00een glanda parotid\u0103 \u0219i este de obicei \u00eendep\u0103rtat\u0103 chirurgical. Op\u021biunile de tratament includ:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Parotidectomie superficial\u0103<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Rezec\u021bie local\u0103<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Aceste proceduri sunt realizate cu mare aten\u021bie pentru a p\u0103stra integritatea capsulei tumorii.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen cazurile de carcinom adenoid chistic, excizia complet\u0103 a tumorii este ideal\u0103. Este esen\u021bial s\u0103 se ob\u021bin\u0103 margini chirurgicale clare, f\u0103r\u0103 a afecta \u021besuturile \u00eenconjur\u0103toare. Dac\u0103 boala este \u00een stadii mai avansate, se prefer\u0103 disec\u021bia radical\u0103 modificat\u0103 a g\u00e2tului. Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere rata ridicat\u0103 de recuren\u021b\u0103 dup\u0103 chirurgie, radioterapia este adesea recomandat\u0103 ca tratament suplimentar. \u00cen cazurile cu margini chirurgicale pozitive, pacien\u021bii primesc de obicei cel pu\u021bin 60 Gy de radia\u021bie.<\/p>\n<p>Aceste tratamente sunt adaptate \u00een func\u021bie de tipul tumorii \u0219i localizarea acesteia, iar metodele cele mai potrivite sunt selectate cu aten\u021bie pentru a proteja s\u0103n\u0103tatea pacientului.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Alte_Afectiuni_de_Luat_in_Considerare\"><\/span>Alte Afec\u021biuni de Luat \u00een Considerare<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Exist\u0103 diverse afec\u021biuni care pot fi confundate cu tumorile glandei submandibulare. Adenoamele pleomorfe necesit\u0103 adesea un diagnostic diferen\u021bial pentru a fi distinse de tumora Warthin, metastazele nodale ale parotidei \u0219i alte neoplazii. Histopatologia este esen\u021bial\u0103 \u00een stabilirea unui diagnostic diferen\u021bial corect \u00een aceste cazuri. \u00cen mod special, tumorile primare care afecteaz\u0103 glandele salivare mari din zona capului \u0219i g\u00e2tului includ urm\u0103toarele diagnostice diferen\u021biale:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Schwannomul nervului facial: Tumori asociate cu nervii.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Mioepitelioamele: De obicei benigne, dar pot fi g\u0103site \u0219i \u00een afara glandelor salivare.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Carcinomul mukoepidermoid \u0219i carcinomul adenoid chistic: Pot fi at\u00e2t benigne, c\u00e2t \u0219i maligne.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Procesul de diagnostic diferen\u021bial se bazeaz\u0103 pe simptomele pacientului \u0219i aspectul tumorii. Acest proces asigur\u0103 o \u00een\u021belegere corect\u0103 \u0219i gestionarea adecvat\u0103 a tumorilor din zona capului \u0219i g\u00e2tului.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Surse:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/conditions-and-diseases\/salivary-gland-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/conditions-and-diseases\/salivary-gland-cancer<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/salivary-gland-cancer\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20354151\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/salivary-gland-cancer\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20354151<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tumorile glandei submandibulare se formeaz\u0103 \u00een glandele salivare situate \u00een partea inferioar\u0103 a g\u00e2tului. Aceste tumori sunt de obicei clasificate ca fiind benigne sau maligne. Cel mai frecvent tip benign este adenomul pleomorf, \u00eens\u0103 poate ap\u0103rea \u0219i tumora Warthin. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, cazurile maligne se manifest\u0103 de obicei sub forma carcinomului adenoid chistic. Aceste [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4322,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8771","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cancerul-glandelor-salivare"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8771","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8771"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8771\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8828,"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8771\/revisions\/8828"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4322"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8771"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8771"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8771"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}