{"id":9117,"date":"2024-09-20T07:37:17","date_gmt":"2024-09-20T07:37:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/?p=9117"},"modified":"2024-10-02T13:22:11","modified_gmt":"2024-10-02T13:22:11","slug":"carcinom-adenoid-chistic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/carcinom-adenoid-chistic\/","title":{"rendered":"Carcinom adenoid chistic"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Carcinomul adenoid chistic este unul dintre tumorile maligne rare ale glandelor secretorii. De obicei, afecteaz\u0103 glandele salivare, manifest\u00e2ndu-se frecvent \u00een aceste zone. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557855\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Se prezint\u0103 sub form\u0103 de umfl\u0103turi nedureroase<\/a> \u0219i este adesea localizat \u00een zona capului \u0219i g\u00e2tului. Aceast\u0103 afec\u021biune trebuie luat\u0103 \u00een considerare ca un diagnostic diferen\u021bial important \u00een examin\u0103rile medicale. Aceast\u0103 boal\u0103, cu un poten\u021bial ridicat de metastaz\u0103, necesit\u0103 un diagnostic \u0219i o interven\u021bie precoce. Prin urmare, cazurile suspecte trebuie evaluate imediat \u0219i trebuie stabilite strategii de tratament adecvate.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Yaz\u0131 \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/carcinom-adenoid-chistic\/#Ce_este_Carcinomul_Adenoid_Chistic\" >Ce este Carcinomul Adenoid Chistic?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/carcinom-adenoid-chistic\/#Care_sunt_cauzele_Carcinomului_Adenoid_Chistic\" >Care sunt cauzele Carcinomului Adenoid Chistic?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/carcinom-adenoid-chistic\/#Cat_de_frecvent_este\" >C\u00e2t de frecvent este?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/carcinom-adenoid-chistic\/#Ce_se_intampla_in_timpul_Carcinomului_Adenoid_Chistic\" >Ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een timpul Carcinomului Adenoid Chistic?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/carcinom-adenoid-chistic\/#Care_sunt_simptomele_Carcinomului_Adenoid_Chistic\" >Care sunt simptomele Carcinomului Adenoid Chistic?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/carcinom-adenoid-chistic\/#Cum_este_diagnosticat_Carcinomul_Adenoid_Chistic\" >Cum este diagnosticat Carcinomul Adenoid Chistic?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/carcinom-adenoid-chistic\/#Cum_se_trateaza_Carcinomul_Adenoid_Chistic\" >Cum se trateaz\u0103 Carcinomul Adenoid Chistic?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/carcinom-adenoid-chistic\/#Care_sunt_complicatiile\" >Care sunt complica\u021biile?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ce_este_Carcinomul_Adenoid_Chistic\"><\/span>Ce este Carcinomul Adenoid Chistic?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Carcinomul adenoid chistic provine din glandele secretorii \u0219i este un tip rar de malignitate. Afecteaz\u0103 \u00een principal glandele salivare \u0219i reprezint\u0103 aproximativ unul la sut\u0103 din malignit\u0103\u021bile capului \u0219i g\u00e2tului. Este frecvent \u00eent\u00e2lnit \u00een glandele salivare minore, dar este \u0219i al doilea cel mai frecvent tip de tumor\u0103 \u00een glandele salivare majore. Reprezint\u0103 o zecime din toate tumorile glandelor salivare. Spre deosebire de alte tipuri de carcinom, cre\u0219te lent. De asemenea, prezint\u0103 o tendin\u021b\u0103 de invazie perineural\u0103 \u0219i r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire hematogen\u0103. Majoritatea pacien\u021bilor sunt diagnostica\u021bi la v\u00e2rsta adult\u0103. Fiind rar, exist\u0103 pu\u021bine date privind factorii de risc \u0219i gestionarea bolii \u00een stadii avansate.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Care_sunt_cauzele_Carcinomului_Adenoid_Chistic\"><\/span>Care sunt cauzele Carcinomului Adenoid Chistic?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Studiile asupra cauzelor Carcinomului Adenoid Chistic nu au reu\u0219it s\u0103 clarifice pe deplin etiologia acestei forme rare de cancer. Spre deosebire de alte cancere ale capului \u0219i g\u00e2tului, ACC nu are o leg\u0103tur\u0103 direct\u0103 cu factori precum fumatul sau consumul de alcool. Cercet\u0103rile arat\u0103 c\u0103 muta\u021biile genetice joac\u0103 un rol important \u00een dezvoltarea acestui tip de cancer.<\/p>\n<p>Analizele genomice au eviden\u021biat diverse modific\u0103ri cromozomiale \u0219i muta\u021bii specifice. Aceste constat\u0103ri sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 ACC poate ap\u0103rea independent de v\u00e2rst\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103 predispozi\u021bia genetic\u0103 poate juca un rol \u00een apari\u021bia sa. Prin urmare, cercet\u0103rile genetice sunt esen\u021biale pentru \u00een\u021belegerea ACC \u0219i pentru dezvoltarea op\u021biunilor de tratament.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cat_de_frecvent_este\"><\/span>C\u00e2t de frecvent este?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Carcinomul adenoid chistic este o boal\u0103 rar\u0103 \u00een popula\u021bia general\u0103, afect\u00e2nd aproximativ 4,5 din 100.000 de persoane. Este mai frecvent \u00eent\u00e2lnit la femei dec\u00e2t la b\u0103rba\u021bi, propor\u021bia fiind de 60% la femei \u0219i 40% la b\u0103rba\u021bi. Cel mai des provine din celulele secretorii ale glandelor salivare. De asemenea, poate ap\u0103rea \u00een diverse zone, cum ar fi palatul dur, nazofaringele \u0219i canalul auditiv extern. Au fost raportate cazuri rare de ACC \u00een alte \u021besuturi, precum s\u00e2nul, sistemul reproduc\u0103tor \u0219i pielea. \u00cen general, acest cancer este mai frecvent diagnosticat la persoanele \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103, \u00een special \u00eentre a cincea \u0219i a \u0219asea decad\u0103 de via\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ce_se_intampla_in_timpul_Carcinomului_Adenoid_Chistic\"><\/span>Ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een timpul Carcinomului Adenoid Chistic?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u00cen timpul Carcinomului Adenoid Chistic (ACC), patogeneza tumorii \u0219i procesele de proliferare celular\u0103 au fost studiate. Factorii genetici care joac\u0103 un rol crucial \u00een patogeneza molecular\u0103 a ACC sunt esen\u021biali pentru dezvoltarea \u0219i progresia acestui cancer. Celulele tumorale \u00ee\u0219i cresc capacitatea de proliferare prin modific\u0103ri cromozomiale \u0219i transloca\u021bii genetice. Aceste procese includ:<\/p>\n<p>Modific\u0103ri Cromozomiale:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dele\u021bii frecvente la nivelul cromozomului 1p35-36,<\/li>\n<li>Pierderea sau c\u00e2\u0219tigul unor segmente cromozomiale specifice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Transloca\u021bii Genetice:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Transloca\u021bii \u00eentre cromozomii 6q \u0219i 9p,<\/li>\n<li>Formarea fuziunii genei MYB \u0219i expresia excesiv\u0103 a oncoproteinei MYB.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Care_sunt_simptomele_Carcinomului_Adenoid_Chistic\"><\/span>Care sunt simptomele Carcinomului Adenoid Chistic?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Carcinomul Adenoid Chistic (ACC) poate prezenta simptome clinice caracteristice \u0219i specifice. Boala este localizat\u0103 de obicei \u00een zona capului \u0219i g\u00e2tului, afect\u00e2nd frecvent glandele salivare. Tumora apare tipic ca o mas\u0103 solid\u0103, nedureroas\u0103 \u0219i cu cre\u0219tere lent\u0103. Cu toate acestea, dac\u0103 tumora invadeaz\u0103 nervii, pot ap\u0103rea simptome precum durere \u0219i parestezie. \u00cen func\u021bie de localizarea tumorii, pot ap\u0103rea urm\u0103toarele simptome specifice:<\/p>\n<p>Tumori nazofaringiene:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Epistaxis frecvent,<\/li>\n<li>Congestie nazal\u0103,<\/li>\n<li>Disfunc\u021bie a trompei lui Eustachio.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tumori la baza craniului:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dismotilitate ocular\u0103,<\/li>\n<li>Pareze ale nervilor cranieni IX, X, XI, XII,<\/li>\n<li>Sindrom Horner.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Invazia perineural\u0103 este una dintre cele mai remarcabile caracteristici ale ACC, fiind mai frecvent \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 \u00een tumorile provenite din glanda parotid\u0103. Metastazele reprezint\u0103 un risc serios \u00een aceast\u0103 boal\u0103, r\u0103sp\u00e2ndindu-se adesea la pl\u0103m\u00e2ni prin c\u0103i hematogene. \u00cen cazurile avansate, pot ap\u0103rea metastaze osoase \u0219i hepatice. \u00cen cazuri rare, tumora poate metastaza direct \u00een craniu, duc\u00e2nd la metastaze intracraniene.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cum_este_diagnosticat_Carcinomul_Adenoid_Chistic\"><\/span>Cum este diagnosticat Carcinomul Adenoid Chistic?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Diagnosticarea Carcinomului Adenoid Chistic implic\u0103 utilizarea metodelor radiologice \u0219i histologice. Pentru a determina extinderea bolii, se utilizeaz\u0103 Tomografia Computerizat\u0103 (CT) \u0219i Imagistica prin Rezonan\u021b\u0103 Magnetic\u0103 (IRM). Aceste tehnici de imagistic\u0103 ajut\u0103 la stabilirea localiz\u0103rii \u0219i dimensiunii tumorii \u0219i la stadializare.<\/p>\n<p>Diagnosticul definitiv necesit\u0103 o biopsie a tumorii. \u00cen timpul biopsiei, probele de \u021besut sunt examinate la microscop. Color\u0103rile imunohistochimice detecteaz\u0103 actina muscular\u0103 neted\u0103, proteina S100, vimentina \u0219i al\u021bi markeri care confirm\u0103 tipul tumorii. Prezen\u021ba genei MYB \u0219i a proteinei CD117 cre\u0219te specificitatea diagnostic\u0103rii ACC.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cum_se_trateaza_Carcinomul_Adenoid_Chistic\"><\/span>Cum se trateaz\u0103 Carcinomul Adenoid Chistic?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Tratamentul Carcinomului Adenoid Chistic variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de stadiul \u0219i extinderea bolii. \u00cen general, interven\u021bia chirurgical\u0103 are ca scop \u00eendep\u0103rtarea complet\u0103 a tumorii. \u00cen cazurile localizate, se \u00eencearc\u0103 ob\u021binerea unor margini curate prin conservarea \u021besutului nervos \u00een timpul interven\u021biei chirurgicale. \u00cen cazurile de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire \u00een ganglionii limfatici cervicali sau \u00een \u021besuturile \u00eenvecinate, se efectueaz\u0103 disec\u021bia radical\u0103 modificat\u0103 a g\u00e2tului. \u00cen plus, din cauza riscului ridicat de recidiv\u0103, multe centre opteaz\u0103 pentru radioterapie postoperatorie pentru pacien\u021bii cu factori prognostici nefavorabili. Radioterapia poate fi eficient\u0103 \u00een controlul local al bolii, de\u0219i efectul s\u0103u asupra supravie\u021buirii generale este incert.<\/p>\n<p>Op\u021biunile de tratament includ:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rezec\u021bie chirurgical\u0103: Se urm\u0103re\u0219te \u00eendep\u0103rtarea complet\u0103 a tumorii,<\/li>\n<li>Disec\u021bia radical\u0103 modificat\u0103 a g\u00e2tului: Utilizat\u0103 \u00een cazurile de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire,<\/li>\n<li>Radioterapie postoperatorie: Poate reduce riscul de recidiv\u0103 local\u0103. Doza recomandat\u0103 este de obicei de 60 Gy sau mai mare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Care_sunt_complicatiile\"><\/span>Care sunt complica\u021biile?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Complica\u021biile Carcinomului Adenoid Chistic sunt diverse. Dac\u0103 boala se extinde la nervul facial, poate provoca dureri faciale \u0219i paralizie. De asemenea, pot ap\u0103rea complica\u021bii chirurgicale \u00een timpul procedurii de \u00eendep\u0103rtare a tumorii. Una dintre cele mai frecvente complica\u021bii este infiltrarea limfovascular\u0103, care este mai des \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 \u00een tumorile mari. La pacien\u021bii cu ganglioni limfatici pozitivi, riscul de recidiv\u0103 malign\u0103 este mai mare. Chiar \u0219i \u00een cazul depist\u0103rii timpurii, pacien\u021bii cu v\u00e2rsta peste 45 de ani care prezint\u0103 implicarea ganglionilor limfatici au un risc crescut de metastaze la distan\u021b\u0103. Aceste complica\u021bii sunt esen\u021biale \u00een planificarea strategiilor de tratament \u0219i necesit\u0103 monitorizarea atent\u0103 a pacientului.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Carcinomul adenoid chistic este unul dintre tumorile maligne rare ale glandelor secretorii. De obicei, afecteaz\u0103 glandele salivare, manifest\u00e2ndu-se frecvent \u00een aceste zone. Se prezint\u0103 sub form\u0103 de umfl\u0103turi nedureroase \u0219i este adesea localizat \u00een zona capului \u0219i g\u00e2tului. Aceast\u0103 afec\u021biune trebuie luat\u0103 \u00een considerare ca un diagnostic diferen\u021bial important \u00een examin\u0103rile medicale. Aceast\u0103 boal\u0103, cu [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8574,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9117","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cancerele-capului-si-gatului"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9117","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9117"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9117\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9136,"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9117\/revisions\/9136"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8574"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9117"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9117"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drmurattopdag.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9117"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}